VB hides a lot of the true complexity of OLE, because MS has spent the development effort to do so.

You need to look at Win32::OLE::Enum, since you seem to be working with collections. Handling collections is also covered in the Win32::OLE POD under Functions.

This code is untested, but I would try:

use Win32;
use Win32::OLE;
use Win32::OLE::Enum;

# louder errors
Win32::OLE->Option(Warn => 3);
...
my $Enum = Win32::OLE::Enum->new($Recipe->Placements);
while (defined(my $placement = $Enum->Next)) {
    Win32::MsgBox($placement->PlacementPart->{Refdes});
}

# - or -

use Win32::OLE qw/ in /;
for my $placement (in $Recipe->Placements) {
    Win32::MsgBox($placement->PlacementPart->{Refdes});
}
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