Did you try something like this...

#!/usr/local/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

my $p = 9;
if ( $p )
{
  sub
  { printf "$p < 3 ? %s\n" , $p  < 3 ? 'yes' : 'no';
    return 0;
  }->()
  or
  sub
  { printf "$p > 3 ? %s\n" , $p  > 3 ? 'yes' : 'no';
    return 0;
  }->()
  or
  print "I forgot my Math: $p <!> 3!\n"
  ;
}
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In other words, if your subs return appropriate truth values, then your posted example should work. Mind you can bundle your subs w/ exit() in anonymous sub references similar to as shown above.