The above MySQL solution would be best, but if you insist on doing it with Perl you can just parse the string using a position-oriented regex like:

$date_string = "0406141832";
($year,$month,$day,$hour,$minute) = (
  $date_string =~ /(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)/
);
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From there you can manipulate it however you want, but to make it a little more robust you can create a DateTime object from the data so you can manipulate it a little more freely.