I think you want something like this. Note use ? placeholders to ensure values get correctly quoted or you have a big security hole. if ( $val ) {} elsif ( ! $val ) {} is an if/else - there are no other options.

if ( $cookie{host}->value ) {
    $db->do( "UPDATE logs SET visits = visits + 1 WHERE host = ?", $co
+okie{host}->value ) 
        or die $db->errstr;
}
else {
   $db->do( "INSERT INTO logs VALUES (?, ?, 'index', 1)", $host, $xron
+os ) 
       or die $db->errstr;
}
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