The argument does start with a slash if your "server" is not working as a proxy, and the HTTP string comes after the space, which is also matched with the regex.
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No, that's incorrect:
The HTTP RFC (2616) defines the Request-Line thus (section 5.1):
Request-Line = Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP-Version CRLF
And Request-URI thus:
Request-URI = "*" | absoluteURI | abs_path | authority
So although you *may* supply an absolute path as an argument to GET, you may also supply a URI; in fact, you'll see that that's what virtually all clients send, because otherwise virtual hosts will be broken.
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Virtual Hosts work with a Host: field in the header. An URI is syntactically correct in this place, however the semantic is "proxy this". It's mentioned because the protocol for proxies is HTTP too.
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