Have a look at distcc, it is exactly what you described:

distcc is a program to distribute builds of C, C++, Objective C or Objective C++ code across several machines on a network. distcc should always generate the same results as a local build, is simple to install and use, and is often two or more times faster than a local compile.

See also Parallel::Pvm on CPAN, it could be a good starting point.