Ok, some random answers... ;-P

• Why should I be proud of a country in which I'm randomly born?
  I don't think being born in a country has much to do with patriotism, except in the idea that you should be pleased with your home. If you aren't, then you would likely be best-served either remodelling the home (i.e. changing laws) or moving elsewhere (finding a country that fits you better). I'm not one to say that my home is definitively the best country in the world -- I love it here, and I think it's the best country for me; others are free to disagree. ;-) There are those that are stuck in a situation with little power to change it, and those people are probably not patriotic -- and that's OK. What I meant by "disturbing lack of patriotism" is the people who feel the whole country sucks because the current government is not to their liking.
• How can one believe that "God" has chosen his/her country as the only true one. Is this fundamental or religious?
  I have no idea. That's the stupidist thing I've ever heard, frankly. I love my country because I love the idea that it represents -- despite the poor implementation of late. Just like I loved Linux even when it was hard to use and supported no hardware, because I loved the idea it represented.
• Isn't Patriotism a very nationalistic way to express your very own thoughts and feelings?
  No. Patriotism is simply love for one's country. Nationalism is love for one's government. While it is possible to have both, I believe patriotism to include a healthy suspicion of authority.
• How can a man be so arrogant to call his country the world police?
  I don't know. I've always hated that about recent governments. It's one thing to lend superior military might to UN or other multi-national efforts, but it's somewhat odd to me that the US goes around forcing its ideals on others, sometimes.
• Can I spread peace through bombs?
  Not sure what that has to do with patriotism... Anyway, my answer is "not usually." There are times when military might can be used to "break up a fight" before it escalates, but that is suprisingly rare. In general, one should spread peace through peacable actions; using force to stop a conflict should be an emergency measure.