The 30-digit test you run is implied if you simply check the results of your capturing regex:

#!/usr/bin/perl
###########################################
use warnings;
use strict;

my $test = "000000000000022102840002210284";

if ( $test =~ /^(\d{10})(\d{10})(\d{10})$/ ){
    print "1 = $1\n2 = $2\n3 = $3\n";
}
else {
    print STDERR "Bad 30-digit number!$/";
}
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Of course, there are tons of ways to handle this problem. =)