If your conditions are simple enough you can do it easily:

my $contition = $some_letter;

my %dispatch = (
  a => sub {
      # do something with a
  },
  b => \&do_something_with_b,
  c => ...
);
$dispatch{$condition}->();
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You could even put the conditions as code blocks, tough I doubt it would make an improvement over a long if .. elsif ... statement:

my @dispatch = (
  sub { shift() eq 'a' } => sub { "do something with a" },
  sub { shift() == 105 } => sub { "do something with 105" },
);
for (my $i; $i < @dispatch; $i+=2) {
  $dispatch[$i+1]->() if $dispatch[$i]->($variable);
}
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