File type is better detected using the file test operators. You can pass them the special name _ to reuse the results of the previous stat/lstat/file test. Also see the filetest pragma for information on handling ACLs.

use strict;
use warnings;
my $file = $ARGV[0];
my $mode = (lstat($file))[2];
print  "File: $file\n";
print  "mode         = $mode\n";
printf "mode (octal) = %o\n", $mode;
printf "Permissions  = %04o\n", $mode & 07777;

   -r _ && print "File is readable by effective uid/gid.\n";
   -w _ && print "File is writable by effective uid/gid.\n";
   -x _ && print "File is executable by effective uid/gid.\n";
   -o _ && print "File is owned by effective uid.\n";

   -R _ && print "File is readable by real uid/gid.\n";
   -W _ && print "File is writable by real uid/gid.\n";
   -X _ && print "File is executable by real uid/gid.\n";
   -O _ && print "File is owned by real uid.\n";

   -e _ && print "File exists.\n";
   -z _ && print "File has zero size (is empty).\n";
   -s _ && printf "File has size: %d.\n", -s _;

   -f _ && print "File is a plain file.\n";
   -d _ && print "File is a directory.\n";
   -l _ && print "File is a symbolic link.\n";
   -p _ && print "File is a named pipe (FIFO).\n";
   -S _ && print "File is a socket.\n";
   -b _ && print "File is a block special file.\n";
   -c _ && print "File is a character special file.\n";

print  "=============================\n";
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