Well whose two routines are taking 91 seconds of CPU time, so unless it's a multi-processor machine or a threaded application, they won't be taking less than 91 seconds of wall clock time.

The numbers suggest total CPU time around 6.5 minutes; it would be useful to hear from the OP what the actual runtime is, but I'd expect my proposed hack to take more than a minute off it, replacing the 26+17 μs for 2.2 million calls with something more like the 10 μs of the accessor.

But it is true - I'm used to profiling on a busy server, where useful wall clock times are hard-to-impossible to get, so mostly I concentrate on profiling to optimise CPU requirements, and use a combination of two other techniques for optimising the database side - the ever-popular "finger in the air" and "it hurts when I do this" techniques.

Hugo