Of course, there are tons of different ways to do something like this.

You could store the results in a hash rather than array, if inputs are all unique strings:

my %results;

for ( @array )
{
    $results{$_} = some_func($_);
}
[download]

You could make the results array contain hash-based records instead of array-based:

my @results;
for ( @array )
{
    push @results, { input => $_, output => some_func($_) };
}
[download]

Etc. There's also shortcuts for the loop:

my %results = map { ( $_ => some_func($_) ) } @array;
[download]

my @results = map { { input => $_, output => some_func($_) } } @array;
[download]

Etc.