Using a Perl script? No, that's not possible. But if you want to settle for the next best thing: having a new shell (with inherited environment variables) then it is:

#!/usr/bin/perl

chdir shift or die "Failed to chdir: $!";
exec "/usr/bin/sh" or die "Failed to exec /usr/bin/sh: $!";

__END__
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Save the above program in a file (say dir-changer), make it executable and then type, from the command line:

    exec ./dir-changer new-directory
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The result ought to be a new shell, with new-directory as its current directory.