in reply to lhs substr(): refs vs. scalars

Another way to prove that, what you see inside the sub through @_ is the same variables you see outside the sub:

use strict; use warnings; my $a; print \$a, "\n"; somesub($a); sub somesub { print \$_[0]; }

This gives:

SCALAR(0x182419c) SCALAR(0x182419c)