You won't be able to access progress data by using the put() method, since that's a one-shot method. What you need to do is emulate what put() does. You can do that by using the stor() method, and using the write() method on the resulting Net::FTP::dataconn object.

I don't have a complete solution for you, but the following should get you started:

    # advertise that we want to store a file.
    # $filename should probably not contain a path
    my $conn = $ftp->stor( $filename ); 

    # open the local file
    if( open my $fh, $filename ) {
      my $buf;

      while(my $read_bytes = read($fh, $buf, 1024) > 0) {
        $conn->write($buf, $read_bytes);

        # add your progressbar update here
      }
    }
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