Any of the popular date modules allow this, AFAIK. Pick one of them and learn how it works. (DateTime, Date::Calc, Date::Manip, etc.)

To do it with only core modules, try something like (untested):

use Time::Local "timegm";
sub bad_date {
  my ($y,$m,$d) = @_;
  ! defined eval { timegm(0,0,0,$d,$m-1,$y) }
}
[download]

(update: added missing defined)