holli is correct, you don't really want to implement it that way, a hash of hases or Array of arrays, etc, would be much more appropriate.

That being said there is a way to do what you want that being inserting your own entry into the symbol table, thusly:

use strict; use warnings;
{
  no strict 'refs';
  # Create the 001 hash
  *{ "main::001" } = { akey => 'avalue', bkey => 'bvalue' };
  # alias the 001 hash to some common name
  *{ "main::thehash" } = *{ "main::001" };
}

# show contents of 001 hash
while ( my($k,$v) = each(%001) )
{
  print "$k => $v\n";
}

# should be same as above, some monk smarter than I may
# be able to tell why the 001 name got imported but not,
# thehash into the main:: package.
while ( my($k,$v) = each(%main::thehash) )
{
    print "$k => $v\n";
}
[download]

Again let me say this is a sub-optimal solution, an actuall datastructure would serve you better here, and be much more maintainable and readable. This post is knowledge for knowledge's sake.