That design will give you trouble. It will be confusing to understand and maintain.

I recommend passing the frame data as arguments to the functions:

my (%frame_lookup_by) = (
        21 => {
            desc => "S/W Status",
            value => sub { $_[0]*256 + $_[1]} ,        
        }, 
        33 => {
            desc => "HK Subcom",
            value => sub { $_[1] % 16 },   #modulo 16 of w12
        },
        117 => {
            desc => "General Status",
            value => sub {$_[0]*256 + $_[1] },        
        },
        129 => {
            desc => "Sensor Status",
            value => sub { $_[0]*256 + $_[1] },        
        },
    );
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With that you can supply the argument that's in the current scope like so:

my $result = $ref_frame_lookup_by{33}->{value}->(@minor_frame_data);
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