Although runrig and Zaxo are probably right that it would be better to pass the parameters explicity, I think what you're looking for is local.

For example:

#!perl -w
use strict;
our (@minor_frame_data);
my (%frame_lookup_by) = (
  21 => {
    desc => "S/W Status",
    value => sub { $minor_frame_data[0]*256 + $minor_frame_data[1]} , 
+  
  }, 
  33 => {
    desc => "HK Subcom",
    value => sub { $minor_frame_data[1] % 16 } ,     #modulo 16 of w12
  },
  117 => {
    desc => "General Status",
    value => sub {$minor_frame_data[0]*256 + $minor_frame_data[1] },  
+  
  },
  129 => {
    desc => "Sensor Status",
    value => sub {$minor_frame_data[0]*256 + $minor_frame_data[1] },  
+  
  },
);

foo(\%frame_lookup_by);
bar(\%frame_lookup_by);
sub foo {
  my ($ref) = @_;
  local (@minor_frame_data) = (3, 2);
  print "foo 21 -> ", $ref->{21}->{value}->(), "\n";
}

sub bar {
  my ($ref) = @_;
  local (@minor_frame_data) = (2, 5);
  print "bar 21 -> ", $ref->{21}->{value}->(), "\n";
}
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