Not hardcoded(test) ,it can contain any texts.
if i have "<$filename" or ">$filename",the matching operation should separate "<"/">" and "$filename"
if i have ">>$filenaem", the program should terminate

die "No '>>' allowed!\n" if /^>>/;
my $file;
if (/[<>](.*)/) {
    $file=$1;
} else {
    # what to do? You didn't specify...
}
[download]

Any possibility to do this in one matching.

Generally people who want to do stuff like this in "one matching" when asked about the reason why, cannot give a good one. Do you have any?