You could do this with split - but you shouldn't. I would recommend a capturing regex instead. Here's an example that satisfies your first match:

my $pattern = qr/
                  (?:      # Match beginning of line or whitespace sep
+arator, no capture
                   \A
                   |
                   \s+
                  )
                  (          # Capture one of:
                    "[^"]*"  # Matched double quotes
                  | '[^']*'  # Matched single quotes
                  | {[^}]*}  # Matched curly brackets
                  | \S+?      # non whitespace
                  )
                  (?=     # Match end of line or whitespace separator,
+ positive lookahead,no capture.
                  \z
                  |
                  \s+
                  )
              /x;

my $data = '#VER "" 3 19950101 "Overforing BG till PG" 19950608';
my @values = $data =~ /$pattern/g;

for my $i (0..$#values) {
    printf "%2d) %s\n",$i,$values[$i];
}
[download]

Output:

 0) #VER
 1) ""
 2) 3
 3) 19950101
 4) "Overforing BG till PG"
 5) 19950608
[download]

For complex regular expressions like this I would recommend using the 'x' modifier as in the example above. It makes maintenance easier.