Here's an awk solution to get you started (though it writes every input record to a separate output record, and I think you said you wanted to put the 2,3,4 records on the same line):

#!/usr/bin/awk -f

{ gsub(/\^/, "|") }
/^1/     { print >> "header.txt" }
/^[234]/ { print >> "data.txt" }
/^8/     { print >> "questions.txt" }
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run a2p to convert this to perl.