This appears to do what you want:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;

open my $F, '<', 'file' or die "Cannot open 'file' $!";

open my $H, '>', 'header' or die "Cannot open 'header' $!";
open my $D, '>', 'data' or die "Cannot open 'data' $!";
open my $Q, '>', 'questionaire' or die "Cannot open 'questionaire' $!"
+;


my %data;
while ( <$F> ) {
    chomp;
    my ( $type, @fields ) = split /\^/, $_, -1 or next;

    if ( $type == 1 || $type == 8 ) {
        print { $type == 1 ? $H : $Q } join( '|', @fields ), "\n";
        }
    elsif ( $type == 2 || $type == 3 || $type == 4 ) {
        $data{ $fields[ 0 ] }[ $type % 3 ] = [ @fields[ 1 .. $#fields 
+] ];
        }

    if ( ( eof && %data ) || %data && $type != 2 && $type != 3 && $typ
+e != 4 ) {
        my ( $key, $val ) = %data;
        print $D join( '|', $key, map defined() ? @$_ : (), @$val ), "
+\n";
        %data = ();
        }
    }
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