One way to make the eval/die a little more elegant is to use the Error module and have 'real' exceptions:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use Error qw/:try/;
use File::Find;

{
    package Exception::FoundFile;
    use base qw/Error/;
    sub new {
        my $s = bless {}, __PACKAGE__;
        $s->{_file} = shift;
        return $s;
    }
    sub file { return shift->{_file}; }
}

try {
    find(sub {
            my $file = $File::Find::name;
            # Show our working, so you can see we stop early
            print "Examining $file\n";
            throw Exception::FoundFile->new($file)
                if ($file =~ /f/); # Or whatever your condition is
            },
            ".");
}
catch Exception::FoundFile with {
    my $e = shift;
    print "Found file: ", $e->file, "\n";
}
otherwise {
    print "Didn't find a file\n";
};
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But the 'real solution' would be for the File::Find interface to respect a return value from the sub as to whether it should continue or not.

Too late for that now, sadly.