Just to expand a little on the helpful info you've already gotten from davorg and ikegami, ref and Scalar::Util's reftype will both tell you (1) whether what you have is a reference, and (2) what kind of reference it is. The difference between them is what they do with a reference that's been blessed into a class. In that case, ref will give you the class name, and reftype will tell you the type of the unblessed reference.

Here's an example:

use Scalar::Util qw( reftype );

my $blessed = bless {}, 'My::Class';
my $hashref = {};

printf "blessed is ref %s\n", ref $blessed;
printf "blessed is reftype %s\n", reftype $blessed;

printf "hashref is ref %s\n", ref $hashref;
printf "hashref is reftype %s\n", reftype $hashref;
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This prints:

blessed is ref My::Class
blessed is reftype HASH
hashref is ref HASH
hashref is reftype HASH
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Both of them will return undef if you hand them something that is not a reference. Otherwise what's returned is just a regular string that you can compare with eq or pattern matches.