There are two main ways: XS and Inline::C. I'm a big fan of xs, but I believe the inline C is considered easier to learn. You'll almost certainly have to write some kind of wrapper to pull the functions up into your application — unless someone has already done the ground work.

UPDATE: correction... three main ways. I was unaware of this Win32::API namespace. That makes everything a lot simpler I bet. I now wonder if there's such a thing for elf.so.