Many thanks. I've looked at PDL a little in the past but have sort of tended to shunt into the pile of "things to look at when I know more." I didn't know that its creator (Glazebrook) was the one who IDd the "cosmic latte" overall color of the universe! :^) PDL gets me to wondering in what directions I will eventually need to re-up and strengthen my math skills in order to become a better Perl person. That's a whole other kettle of stuff ... - GB