Not without getting the user to submit a cgi-form. Then you can put something like:

<script language="javascript">
// <!--
document.write("<input type='hidden' name='js' value='1'>");
// -->
</script>
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Then look for that hidden field in your code. If it is there then they have javascript enabled.

use strict;
use CGI;
my $q = CGI->new();

if( $q->param('js') )
{
    # They have javascript!
}
else
{
   # they don't.
}
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