Re^2: XML::Simple Multi-Layered

I guess I am looking for a more general way to get data further into the tree. This is most of an example from perl-xml-quickstart:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<camelids>
  <species name="Camelus bactrianus">
    <common-name>Bactrian Camel</common-name>
    <physical-characteristics>
      <mass>450 to 500 kg.</mass>
      <appearance>
        The most noticeable feature of C. bactrianus is its two humps.
      </appearance>
    </physical-characteristics>
    <natural-history>
       <food-habits>
         Camels are herbivores.
       </food-habits>
       <reproduction>
         Mating season occurs in the fall, with inbreeding often invol
+ved in domesticated camels.
       </reproduction>
       <behavior>
         Domestic camels travel in caravans across the desert.
       </behavior>
       <habitat>
         The camel's habitat consists mainly of Asia's deserts.
       </habitat>
    </natural-history>
    <conservation status="endangered">
      <detail>
        Camels were thought to be extinct in the wild.
      </detail>
    </conservation>
  </species>
  <species name="Camelus dromedarius">
    <common-name>Dromedary, or Arabian Camel</common-name>
    <physical-characteristics>
      <mass>300 to 690 kg.</mass>
      <appearance>
        The dromedary camel is characterized by a long-curved neck, de
+ep-narrow chest, and a single hump.
      </appearance>
    </physical-characteristics>
    <natural-history>
       <food-habits>
         The dromedary camel is a herbivore.
       </food-habits>
       <reproduction>
         The dromedary camel has a lifespan of about 40-50 years.
       </reproduction>
       <behavior>
         With the exception of rutting males, dromedaries show very li
+ttle aggressive behavior.
       </behavior>
       <habitat>
         The camels prefer desert conditions characterized by a long d
+ry season and a short rainy season.
       </habitat>
    </natural-history>
    <conservation status="no special status">
      <detail>
        Since the dromedary camel is domesticated, the camel has no sp
+ecial status in conservation (Busch Gardens 1996). 
      </detail>
    </conservation>
  </species>
  <species name="Lama glama">
    <common-name>Llama</common-name>
    <physical-characteristics>
      <mass>130 to 155 kg.</mass>
      <appearance>
        Llamas feet are slender and their limbs are long.
      </appearance>
    </physical-characteristics>
    <natural-history>
       <food-habits>
         Llamas are herbivorous, feeding on many kinds of grasses and 
+leaves.
       </food-habits>
       <reproduction>
         Llamas reach sexual maturity at about 12-24 months.
       </reproduction>
       <behavior>
         The Lama glama lives only in domestication.
       </behavior>
       <habitat>
         Llamas are found in deserts, mountainous areas, and grassland
+s.
       </habitat>
    </natural-history>
    <conservation status="no special status">
      <detail>
        The population of llamas has declined since road building redu
+ced their importance in transportation.
      </detail>
    </conservation>
  </species>
  <species name="Lama guanicoe">
    <common-name>Guanaco</common-name>
    <physical-characteristics>
      <mass>115 to 140 kg.</mass>
      <appearance>
        They stand at 1,100 to 1,200mm at the shoulder and have slende
+r bodies with long limbs and neck.
      </appearance>
    </physical-characteristics>
    <natural-history>
       <food-habits>
         Guanacos are herbivores that can inhabit dry areas and forego
+ drinking for long periods.
       </food-habits>
       <reproduction>
         Females are apparently induced ovulators.
       </reproduction>
       <behavior>
         There are three types of social groups: family groups, male t
+roops, and solitary males.
       </behavior>
       <habitat>
         Guanacos inhabit grasslands and shrublands from sea level to 
+4,000m. Occasionally they winter in forests.
       </habitat>
    </natural-history>
    <conservation status="special concern">
      <detail>
        Guanacos have had their numbers drastically reduced due to hum
+an pressures of habitat encroachment, habitat
        destruction, and hunting.
      </detail>
    </conservation>
  </species>
  <species name="Vicugna vicugna">
    <common-name>Vicuna</common-name>
    <physical-characteristics>
      <mass>35 to 65 kg.</mass>
      <appearance>
        The vicuna is the smallest living species among the family Cam
+elidae.
      </appearance>
    </physical-characteristics>
    <natural-history>
      <food-habits>
        The vicuna is strictly a grazer.
      </food-habits>
      <reproduction>
        Mating begins in March and April.
      </reproduction>
      <behavior>
        Vicunas are alert and shy animals that flee very rapidly.
      </behavior>
      <habitat>
        Vicunas are found in semiarid rolling grasslands and plains at
+ altitudes of 3,500-5,750 meters.
      </habitat>
    </natural-history>
    <conservation status="endangered">
      <detail>
        The vicuna is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN, and as end
+angered by the USDI.
      </detail>
    </conservation>
  </species>
</camelids>
[download]

Some code to pull data from the XML:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use XML::Simple;

my $file = 'files/camelids.xml';
my $xs1 = XML::Simple->new();

my $doc = $xs1->XMLin($file, forcearray => 1);

foreach my $key (keys (%{$doc->{species}})){
   print $doc->{species}->{$key}->{'common-name'}[0];
   print " ($key) ";
   print "\n";
}
[download]

I can get data from the species key and the common-name (one level in) but how do you get, say, the physical-characteristics->mass? things like:

print $doc->{species}->{$key}->{'physical-characteristics'}[0];
[download]

and

print $doc->{species}->{$key}->{'physical-characteristics'}['mass'];
[download]

only give the hashref. Do I need another foreach loop? Thanks

Comment on Re^2: XML::Simple Multi-Layered Select or Download Code

Replies are listed 'Best First'.
Re^3: XML::Simple Multi-Layered by wfsp (Abbot) on Aug 16, 2007 at 17:38 UTC
Nearly, in both cases :-) `print $doc->{species}{$key}{'physical-characteristics'}[0]{mass}[0] # and print $doc->{species}{$key}{'physical-characteristics'}[0]{appearance} +[0]` [download] The square brackets indicate array refs so you need an element index (a number). So `['mass']` won't work.	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re^4: XML::Simple Multi-Layered by eide (Initiate) on Aug 16, 2007 at 22:01 UTC
Thank you, that works. However, now I am still having issues with my original XML above. Using: `my $doc = $xs1->XMLin($file, forcearray => 1, keyattr => {client_syste +m => 'Customer Care'});` [download] then Data::Dumper gives me output like this: $VAR1 = { 'client_system' => [ { 'business_area' => [ { 'component' => [ { 'component_lib' => [ { 'class_set' => [ { 'data_type' => '1', 'linked_characteristic_name' => '4-MTH-AV +G-UTIL', 'version' => '2.0', 'name' => 'Active Strategy 2', 'is_protected' => 'false', 'base_class_set' => [ { 'interval' => [ { 'outcome' => [ { 'uniqueID' => '2', 'displayPosition' => '1', 'name' => 'low-199' } ], 'is_Others' => ['false'], 'range' => ['low-199'], 'name' => 'low-199' + + + }, + + { + + 'outcome' => [ + + + { + + 'uniqueID' => '3', + + + 'displayPosition' => '2', + + + 'name' => '200-499' } ], 'is_Others' => ['false'], 'range' => ['200-499'], 'name' => '200-499' }, { 'outcome' => [ { 'uniqueID' => '4', 'displayPosition' => '3' +, 'name' => '500-899' } ], 'is_Others' => ['false'], 'range' => ['500-899'], 'name' => '500-899' }, { 'outcome' => [ { 'uniqueID' => '1', 'displayPosition' => +'2147483647', 'name' => 'Others' } ], 'is_Others' => ['true'], 'name' => 'Others' } ] } ], 'obj_info' => [ { 'obj_revision' => '1', 'version' => '2.0', 'name' => 'CS A1524 CD GM Active Strategy +2', 'library_unique_id' => '00000071', } ] } ], 'type' => 'class_set' } ] } ], 'name' => 'GM Business Area', 'analytics' => [ {} ] } ], . . . [download] Sorry for the mess but I'm tired of formatting. Anyway, I basically want to get all of the interval=>names for the business_area client_system and I have: `my $doc = $xs1->XMLin($file, forcearray => 1, keyattr => {client_syste +m => 'Customer Care'}); foreach my $key (keys (%{$doc->{client_system}})){ if($key eq 'business_area') { print $doc->{client_system}[$key]->{component}[0]->{component_ +lib}[0]->{class_set}[0]->{base_class_set[0]->{interval}{'range'}, "\n +"; } }` [download] or something like that. Just confused with the syntax on the print command. Probably also have to loop through again to get all the interval names. Thanks in advance	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re^5: XML::Simple Multi-Layered by wfsp (Abbot) on Aug 17, 2007 at 11:59 UTC
For the sake of example I've stripped down the data to just leave the bits we're looking at. (note the `$Data::Dumper::Indent = 1;` line, it compacts Dumper's output a bit). You have a series of nested hash of arrays (HoAs). Here I've extracted the array ref we want and looped over it. Read more... (2 kB) output: `low-199 200-499 500-899 Others` [download] fwiw I find that setting tabs to spaces with a tab setting of 2 can help make code a bit more readable	[reply] [d/l] [select]