As far as make is concerned, make foo bar will run the two targets foo and bar. It can't bind a special meaning for bar depending on foo. The best you could achieve would be make test-group1, make test-group2... with a rule like:

test-%:
        perl -MTest::Harness -e 'runtests @ARGV' t/$$*/*.t
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You could also put Makefiles in all the t subdirectories and run the tests with make -C t/group1 test.

As for doing this with EUMM or MB, I have no idea.