M-x compile will give you almost what you want -- type in the command-line the first time, and it will remember it afterwards -- but something along these lines may be closer:

(defun my-perl-run-file ()
  (interactive)
  (let ((file (buffer-file-name)))
    (with-current-buffer (get-buffer-create "*perl-output*")
      (erase-buffer)
      (call-process "/usr/bin/perl" nil (current-buffer) t file)
      (display-buffer (current-buffer)))))
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