For your basic data structure, your search term (on this site and on Google, if you want more general information) is "flat file database"
For how to find the line with the field you want to edit, your search phrases are: "find a specific line in a file", and more generally, "regular expressions"
For how to edit that file in-place, see How do I change a single line in a file?.
With respect to more advanced solutions, look into DB_File and/or MLDBM such things will let you manipulate a perl hash (see : the basic datatypes, three) which is stored on disk as if it were in memory.
Philosophy can be made out of anything. Or less -- Jerry A. Fodor
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