I would try it with literal values from the insert that you say works manually.

$SQL = "INSERT INTO iCDRSbw (rec_num,src_file,src_host,init_status,cdr
+_day,last_modified,city,state,cname,vname,            
            npa,nxx,ocn,lata,lata_name,pdd,zone_id,cdrs_seq,file_seq,g
+c_id
) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,
          ?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";

my $database_username = "USER";
my $database_password = "PASS";
my $msdsn = q/dbi:ODBC:DRIVER={SQL Server};Server=10.0.0.5;attr=value/
+;
my $dbh = DBI->connect( $msdsn, $database_username, $database_password
+ )
  or die "ERROR";
$dbh->do("use db_name") or log_die("$DBI::errstr");

my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $SQL );
$sth->execute( 1, 'icdr.5_5_5B.0.1.200712170000.052964.0', '127.0.0.1'
+,
               'Unprocessed', '2007-12-17 00:00:47',
               '2007-12-17 00:00:47','NA','NA',' ',' ',
               999,999,' ',1,1,1,1,1,1,'AAAAC0dlvAgiIAABC7Przw.7591990
+' )
    or print "DBI error: " . $sth->errstr;
[download]

You might also try using DBI->trace() to see more of what's going on (see the DBI docs).