You can do that if you declare $part1 and $part2 outside the block:

my ($part1, $part2);
for my $line (@l){
   chomp $line;
   ($part1, $part2) = split /\*/,$line;
}
print "$part1 $part2\n";
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But of course that prints only one line (the last), because each iteration of the block overrides the variables.

If you don't like that, use an array and push the values onto the array.