in reply to quickly create reference to boring hash.

{} can be used to create a hashref, so...
my @array = ('a'..'z'); my %states = (id_0 => { map {$_ => ['id_1']} @array }); print("The first transition for (state,input) pair (id_0,x) is\n"); print($states{id_0}->{x}->[0]);


Unless I state otherwise, all my code runs with strict and warnings