use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;

while (<DATA>) {
    my @pairs;
    while (/(\w+="\w+")/g) {push @pairs, $1}
    print Dumper(\@pairs);
}

__DATA__
text one="1" two="2" three="3" x="y"
[download]

prints:

$VAR1 = [
          'one="1"',
          'two="2"',
          'three="3"',
          'x="y"'
        ];
[download]

Update: The key is to use the regex global modifier //g and a while loop. See also perlrequick.