Here's another one...

use Data::Dumper;

my $text = 'text one="1" two="2" three="3" ... x="y"';

my $attribute_r = qr{ \w+ }xms;
my $equals_r = qr{ \s* = \s* }xms;
my $value_r = qr{ \" [^"]+ \" }xms;

my %value_of;

while ( $text =~ s{ ( $attribute_r ) $equals_r ( $value_r ) }{}xms ) {
     my ( $name, $value ) = ( $1, $2 );
     $value =~ tr/"//d;
     $value_of{ $name } = $value;
}

print Dumper \%value_of;
__END__
$VAR1 = { 
          'three' => '3',
          'one' => '1',
          'x' => 'y',
          'two' => '2'
        };
[download]

Note the limits, of course:

• Attribute names match \w+.
• There's no escaping of quotes supported.
• Two attributes with the same name (yuck) won't work.
• It destroys the text as it works, so make a copy if you'll want it later.