You can by sharing variables. Somehow I didn't manage to do with simply sharing a variable and localizing it, but I'm quite sure it can be done.

This is my workaround for now:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use Safe;
use IO::File;

our @args;

my $code =<<'END';
    my @args = pass_options();
    return "Arguments: @args\n";
END
my $compartment = Safe->new;
sub pass_options { @args };
$compartment->share('&pass_options');
$safe = sub { local @args = @_; $compartment->reval($code) || die $@};
print $safe->(1, 2, 3);
__END__
Arguments: 123
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This takes the sideway of sharing a sub that returns the arguments. Not ideal, but at least it works.