the only possibility to pass additional information accross the goto &... boundary is by using global (non-localized) variables.

Depending on the use case you might be able to pass the data via @_:

sub s1 {
    my $data = pop;
    print Dumper $data;
}

sub s0 {
    push @_, [45, 'D'];
    goto &s1;
}

s0;
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The details of how to do it without interfering with any existing arguments largely depend on the specific use case.