Yes, they are.
As for the assumption in "Assuming 1 is standard output ...", if fd's 1 & 2 have been already closed & opened to some other fd's (before redirection), would fd's 1 & 2 still work for the purpose (of redirection after being redirected)?
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I don't see why > would depend on the previous state of the file descriptors. If the fd is closed, > should reopen it.
And that's what I see happening:
$ ( echo foo ) 1>&-
-bash: echo: write error: Bad file descriptor
$ ( echo foo > /dev/tty ) 1>&-
foo
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[d/l]
[select] |