I have not been able to understand how to have any subroutines or subscripts called by my main routine log to the same logger though,

Just pass them your $log object, and call $log->info() as in your normal script. (Update: or use get_logger as zwon suggested - then you don't have to clutter your argument lists).

Any constructive comments with regard to coding standards or doing things a better way in the code you see below are welcome

Instead of writing # should make this into a module you should actually make it into a module. If you know a better way to do something, do it. (And making a module of something isn't hard).