If you can make all your consolidation functions able to work incrementally, you could process your data one row at a time. Even if you can't make the function work incrementally, you might be able to transform it such that you can use partial results and combine them at the end (last line of example before __DATA__ statement). Something like this:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
#
# Sploink.pl
#
use strict;
use warnings;

sub make_summer {
        my $sum = 0;
        return sub { $sum += $_[0]; }
}

sub make_minner {
        my $min = 9.99e99;
        return sub {
                $min = $_[0] if $_[0] < $min;
                return $min;
        }
}

sub make_avger {
        my ($cnt, $sum) = (0, 0);
        return sub {
                $sum += $_[0];
                ++$cnt;
                return $sum/$cnt;
        }
}

sub make_counter {
        my $cnt = 0;
        return sub { ++$cnt }
}

my @funcs = (
        make_summer(),
        make_minner(),
        make_avger(),
        make_avger(),
        make_counter(),
);

my @results;
while (<DATA>) {
        chomp;
        my @flds = split /\s+/;
        $results[$_] = $funcs[$_]($flds[$_]) for (0 .. $#funcs);
}

print "results: ", join(", ", @results), "\n";
print "avg of column 1 is: ", $results[0] / $results[4], "\n";
__DATA__
10 20 30 40
12 14 16 18
9  10 11 12
13 14 15 16
[download]

Which gives the following:

roboticus@swill: /Work/Perl/PerlMonks
$ ./sploink_739466.pl
results: 44, 10, 18, 21.5, 4
avg of column 1 is: 11
[download]

...roboticus

UPDATE: Added program output