Want can give you this.

use Want qw(want wantref);

# Time passes.
sub some_method {
    if (want('REF') and wantref() eq "OBJECT") {
        # We are in a chained method call
    }
    else {
        # We are not in a chained method call
    }
}
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However I strongly agree with ikegami that the desire to complicate your API this way is a code smell suggesting that you're doing something very wrong somewhere.