I know that negating 0 would give you the unsigned integer capacity of your machine, if this is got to do with addressing your problem,

Both numbers fit into a double-precision float (the minimum size Perl uses for floats), so it's not a question of machine precision. It's a question of the precision/accuracy of the cos function.

Note that the Config module provides information on the size of number types used internally.

$ perl -V:ivsize          4: -2**(4*8-1) .. 2**(4*8-1)-1
ivsize='4';               8: -2**(8*8-1) .. 2**(8*8-1)-1
                
$ perl -V:uvsize          4: 0 .. 2**(4*8)-1
uvsize='4';               8: 0 .. 2**(8*8)-1

$ perl -V:nvsize          8:  double, 53 bits of precision
nvsize='8';               16: quad,  113 bits of precision
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