I've sent a bugreport:

4689: http://emacsbugs.donarmstrong.com/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=4689 Emacs Bug Tracking System

Here a workaround patch I found to make the regex match again:

Changing in mode-compile.el from

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(defvar perl-compilation-error-regexp-alist
  ;; Contributed by Martin Jost
  '(
    ;; PERL 4
    ("in file \\([^ ]+\\) at line \\([0-9]+\\).*" 1 2)
    ;; PERL 5   Blubber at FILE line XY, <XY> line ab.
    ("at \\([^ ]+\\) line \\([0-9]+\\)," 1 2)
    ;; PERL 5   Blubber at FILE line XY.
    ("at \\([^ ]+\\) line \\([0-9]+\\)." 1 2)
    )
  ;; This look like a paranoiac regexp: could anybody find a better
one? (which WORK).
  ;;'(("^[^\n]* \\(file\\|at\\) \\([^ \t\n]+\\) [^\n]*line \\([0-9]+\\
+)
[\\.,]" 2 3))
  "Alist that specifies how to match errors in perl output.
 
See variable compilation-error-regexp-alist for more details.")
[download]

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to

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(defvar perl-compilation-error-regexp-alist
  ;; Contributed by Martin Jost
  '(
    ;; PERL 4
    ("^[^\n]* in file \\([^ ]+\\) at line \\([0-9]+\\).*" 1 2)
    ;; PERL 5   Blubber at FILE line XY, <XY> line ab.
    ("^[^\n]* at \\([^ ]+\\) line \\([0-9]+\\)," 1 2)
    ;; PERL 5   Blubber at FILE line XY.
    ("^[^\n]* at \\([^ ]+\\) line \\([0-9]+\\)." 1 2)
    )
  ;; This look like a paranoiac regexp: could anybody find a better
one? (which WORK).
  ;;'(("^[^\n]* \\(file\\|at\\) \\([^ \t\n]+\\) [^\n]*line \\([0-9]+\\
+)
[\\.,]" 2 3))
  "Alist that specifies how to match errors in perl output.
 
See variable compilation-error-regexp-alist for more details.")
[download]

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fixes the problem in emacs 23! 8)

(Plz note: the WHOLE error line gets underlined now)

UPDATE: The former patch only works for perl-mode. This is a patch for cperl-mode.el Version 6.2

 (defvar cperl-compilation-error-regexp-alist-lanx-patch
  '(
    ;; PERL 4
    ("^[^\n]* in file \\([^ ]+\\) at line \\([0-9]+\\).*" 1 2)
    ;; PERL 5   Blubber at FILE line XY, <XY> line ab.
    ("^[^\n]* at \\([^ ]+\\) line \\([0-9]+\\)," 1 2)
    ;; PERL 5   Blubber at FILE line XY.
    ("^[^\n]* at \\([^ ]+\\) line \\([0-9]+\\)." 1 2)
    )
  "Alist that specifies how to match errors in perl output.")
 
(if (fboundp 'eval-after-load)
    (eval-after-load
    "mode-compile"
      '(setq perl-compilation-error-regexp-alist
         cperl-compilation-error-regexp-alist-lanx-patch)))
[download]