in reply to Decimal to Hexadecimal conversion and extraction MSB

First a remark: 1110 1111 is not a hexadecimal number, it is in binary and it is not even the binary representation of 254, which is 11111110 (254 is even, so its rightmost bit cannot be 1).

Taking that into account, the following will do what you want:

use strict; my $debug = 1; my $dec= 254; print "$dec\n"; print shift_left($dec) ; sub dec2bin { my $str = unpack("B32", pack("N", shift)); $str =~ s/^0+(?=\d)//; # otherwise you'll get leading zeros print "$str\n" if $debug; return $str; } sub bin2dec { return unpack("N", pack("B32", substr("0" x 32 . shift, -32))); } sub shift_left { my $bin_reversed = reverse dec2bin(shift); chop $bin_reversed; print ' ' . reverse ($bin_reversed) . '0' . "\n" if $debug; return bin2dec(reverse ($bin_reversed) . '0'); }
Output:
254 11111110 11111100 252
The bin2dec and dec2bin routines are from the Perl Cookbook (recipe 2.4).

CountZero

A program should be light and agile, its subroutines connected like a string of pearls. The spirit and intent of the program should be retained throughout. There should be neither too little or too much, neither needless loops nor useless variables, neither lack of structure nor overwhelming rigidity." - The Tao of Programming, 4.1 - Geoffrey James