Empty List miracle (2)

rovf has asked for the wisdom of the Perl Monks concerning the following question:

In the following code, the second call to use_hash fails:

use strict;
use warnings;

$|=1;


sub empty_list {
  @{ [] }
}

sub use_hash {
  my (%h) = @_;
  print(join(',',keys %h),"\n");
}

use_hash(foo1 => undef, bar1 => 5);

print "not defined\n" unless defined ((empty_list)[0]);

use_hash(foo2 => (empty_list)[0], bar2 => 5);
[download]

The ouput of the program is as follows:

bar1,foo1
not defined
Odd number of elements in hash assignment at C:\tmp\emptylist_a.pl lin
+e 12.
foo2,5
[download]

We see that the first use_hash works. We also see that (not surprising) an empty list indexed by [0] yields undef. I would have expected the 2nd call to use_hash being the same as the first: Instead of passing undef<c> explicitly to key <c>foo2, I "generate" it by taking the first element of an empty list. However, the latter does not work.

--
Ronald Fischer <ynnor@mm.st>

Comment on Empty List miracle (2) Select or Download Code

Replies are listed 'Best First'.
Re: Empty List miracle (2) by moritz (Cardinal) on Apr 29, 2010 at 09:40 UTC
Without having investigated it in more detail, I suspect that `(empty_list)[0]` is `()`, which turns into `undef` in scalar context, but is the empty list in list context. That's why you get 3 items passed to `use_hash`. (In Perl 6 we call that value "Nil").	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re^2: Empty List miracle (2) by JavaFan (Canon) on Apr 29, 2010 at 10:07 UTC
Without having investigated it in more detail, I suspect that (empty_list)[0] is () It is, in list context. In list context, such a construct is called a slice. Quoting perldata: A slice of an empty list is still an empty list. which turns into undef in scalar context Perl doesn't work that way. It doesn't say, "let's evaluate EXPR in list context, then do a list-to-scalar conversion of the result". In scalar context, `(empty_list)[0]` is just the indexing operator. `[0]` is out of bounds (there's no first element), and hence, the result is `undef`.	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re^3: Empty List miracle (2) by ikegami (Patriarch) on Apr 29, 2010 at 15:21 UTC
In scalar context, (empty_list)[0] is just the indexing operator. It's still a slice. For example, you can do `$x = ( f() )[2,3,4];` [download] The rest is accurate, though. In scalar context, the slice operator will always return exactly one element. It will never return an empty list that magically becomes a scalar.	[reply] [d/l]
Re: Empty List miracle (2) by Sandy (Curate) on Apr 29, 2010 at 14:20 UTC
If you compare the output of your `empty_list` routine in scalar and list context: `sub empty_list { return @{ [] } } my @y=(empty_list())[0]; my $x = (empty_list())[0]; use Data::Dumper;print Dumper \$x,\@y;` [download] You will see that `@y` is an empty array, and `$x` is `undef`. think of the difference between using `$x` and `@y` in your hash declaration: `my @y=(empty_list())[0]; # @y = (); my $x = (empty_list())[0]; # $x = undef; my %x = (foo=>$x); my %xx = (foo=>@y);` [download] So, to use your function in your hash declaration, you need to force scalar context. `my %x=(foo=>scalar((empty_list1())[0]));` [download]	[reply] [d/l] [select]