See INotify, Dir::Watch, File::ChangeNotify.

For examples, see the linked modules.

use warnings;
use strict;
use Linux::Inotify2;

   my $target = defined $ARGV[0]?$ARGV[0]:'.';
   print STDERR "Watching $target...\n";

   my $in2 = Linux::Inotify2->new();
   die "Inotify2: $!" if (! defined $in2 );
   
   $in2->watch ($target, IN_ALL_EVENTS) or die "watch: $!";
   
   while (1) {
      for my $e ($in2->read()) {
          print "$e->{name} ".$e->mask."\n";
          translate_event($e);
      }
   }

sub translate_event
{
   my ($ev) = @_;
   my $action = $ev->fullname;

   $action .= " was read" if ($ev->IN_ACCESS);
   $action .= " opened for writing was closed" if ($ev->IN_CLOSE_WRITE
+);
   $action .= " not opened for writing was closed" if ($ev->IN_CLOSE_N
+OWRITE);
   $action .= " created in watched directory" if ($ev->IN_CREATE);
   $action .= " deleted from watched directory" if ($ev->IN_DELETE);
   $action .= "Watched file/directory was itself deleted" if ($ev->IN_
+DELETE_SELF);
   $action .= " was modified" if ($ev->IN_MODIFY);
   $action .= "Watched file/directory was itself moved" if ($ev->IN_MO
+VE_SELF);
   $action .= " moved out of watched directory" if ($ev->IN_MOVED_FROM
+);
   $action .= " moved into watched directory" if ($ev->IN_MOVED_TO);
   $action .= " was opened" if ($ev->IN_OPEN);
 
   print "$action\n";
   #return $action?$action:' unknown action';
}
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