TIMTOWTDI/Tangential observations (See the on-target discussions of interpolation by toolic, AnomalousMonk and Anonymonk, above):

Your asterisk, vertical_bar and questionmark are special chars in a regex; specifically, the "*" and "?" are quantifiers. So, since the asterisk appears first in your array, you're trying to feed the regex engine a quantifier without an antecedent; i.e., without anything to match.

So, another way around this would be to escape those characters that have special meaning in a regex; viz:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
# 846423

my $id='TEST TEST foo|bar*test';
my @testdata = split(/ /, $id);

print "Pre-regex: $id\n";
my @filename_filter=('\*',
            '\|',
            '<',
            '>',
            '\?',
            '/');

# $id =~ s/[@filename_filter]//g;

for my $filename_filter(@filename_filter) {
    $id =~ s/$filename_filter//g;
}

print "post-regex: $id\n\n";


for my $testdata(@testdata) {
    for (@filename_filter) {
        my $regex = qr($_);
        $testdata =~ s/$regex//;
    }
print "split&regex: $testdata\n";
}
[download]

prints:

Pre-regex: TEST TEST foo|bar*test
post-regex: TEST TEST foobartest

split&regex: TEST
split&regex: TEST
split&regex: foobartest
[download]

This appears to satisfy your spec without changing $", the $LIST_SEPARATOR. It IS the long way around, and not merely because my code goes out of it's way to be explicit, but perhaps addresses a closely related issue.

Update: corrected citation to refer to all the preceding, correct discussions of interpolation