It might also interest you to examine Math::Big::Factors.

Here's one way to use it, that produces pretty output. You can pipe or pass as an argument a number to factor.

use strict;
use warnings;
use feature qw(say);

use Math::Big::Factors qw(factors_wheel);
use List::AllUtils qw(max);

for my $number (@ARGV ? @ARGV : <STDIN>) {
        chomp $number; # in case it came from stdin
        my %factors; $factors{$_}++ for factors_wheel($number, 1);
        my (@sup, @fac);
        for my $factor (sort { length($a) <=> length($b) or $a <=> $b 
+} keys %factors) {
                my $exp = $factors{$factor};
                my $fmt = "%${\(length$factor)}s%${\(length$exp)}s";
                push @sup, sprintf($fmt, '', $exp);
                push @fac, sprintf($fmt, $factor, '');
        }
        my $pfx = "\t";
        say join("\n",
                "$number:",
                $pfx . join('   ', @sup),
                $pfx . join(' * ', @fac),
                '');
}
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